Open-ended Stub

Open ended stub antenna¶

An open-ended stub antenna is a simple radiating element consisting of a transmission line (typically microstrip or coaxial cable) with one end open-circuited, allowing electromagnetic energy to radiate directly into free space.

In [1]:

import gmsh
import math

from palacetoolkit.viz import view_mesh
from palacetoolkit.mesh import (
    Entity, 
    run_meshing_pipeline, 
    generate_3d_mesh, 
    refine_near_surfaces
)
from palacetoolkit.simulation import Simulation

import gmsh import math from palacetoolkit.viz import view_mesh from palacetoolkit.mesh import ( Entity, run_meshing_pipeline, generate_3d_mesh, refine_near_surfaces ) from palacetoolkit.simulation import Simulation

Paramters¶

• l1 : Ground plane length along x-axis, specified as a scalar in meters

• w1 : Ground plane width along y-axis, specified as a scalar in meters

• h : Patch height along z-axis, specified as a scalar in meters.

• strip_line_length : Notch length along x-axis, specified as a scalar in meters.

• strip_lined_width: Notch width along y-axis, specified as a scalar in meters.

• air_height : Air box height along z-axis, specified as a scalar in meters.

• air_margin : Air box margin along x and y axes, specified as a scalar in meters.

• freq : Simulation frequency in GHz, specified as a scalar.

• filename : Output mesh filename, specified as a string.

In [2]:

l1: float = 0.06
w1: float = 0.06
strip_line_length: float = 0.04
strip_line_width: float = 0.002
h: float = 0.0013
air_height: float = 0.025    
air_margin: float = 0.025    
freq: float = 3.3
filename: str = "sw_antenna.msh"

wavelength = 3e8 / (freq * 1e9)

l1: float = 0.06 w1: float = 0.06 strip_line_length: float = 0.04 strip_line_width: float = 0.002 h: float = 0.0013 air_height: float = 0.025 air_margin: float = 0.025 freq: float = 3.3 filename: str = "sw_antenna.msh" wavelength = 3e8 / (freq * 1e9)

Model initialization¶

In [3]:

gmsh.initialize()
gmsh.model.add("patch_antenna")
kernel = gmsh.model.occ

gmsh.initialize() gmsh.model.add("patch_antenna") kernel = gmsh.model.occ

Geometry construction¶

In [4]:

# Total domain bounds
total_xmin = -l1/2 - air_margin
total_xmax = l1/2 + air_margin
total_ymin = -w1/2 - air_margin
total_ymax = w1/2 + air_margin
total_zmax = h + air_height

# Substrate box
substrate = kernel.addBox(-l1/2, -w1/2, 0, l1, w1, h)

# Ground plane
ground_plane = kernel.addRectangle(-l1/2, -w1/2, 0, l1, w1)

# Top conductor
strip_line_1 = kernel.addRectangle(-l1/2, -strip_line_width/2, h, strip_line_length, strip_line_width)

# gap bewteen the ground plane and the bottom of the lumped port.
gap = 0

# lumped port
lumped_port = kernel.addRectangle(-l1/2 + gap, -strip_line_width/2, 0, h - gap, strip_line_width)
kernel.rotate([(2, lumped_port)], -l1/2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -math.pi/2)

# Airbox
air_box = kernel.addBox(
    total_xmin, total_ymin, 0,
    total_xmax - total_xmin,
    total_ymax - total_ymin,
    total_zmax
)

# Synchronize everything!
kernel.synchronize()

# Total domain bounds total_xmin = -l1/2 - air_margin total_xmax = l1/2 + air_margin total_ymin = -w1/2 - air_margin total_ymax = w1/2 + air_margin total_zmax = h + air_height # Substrate box substrate = kernel.addBox(-l1/2, -w1/2, 0, l1, w1, h) # Ground plane ground_plane = kernel.addRectangle(-l1/2, -w1/2, 0, l1, w1) # Top conductor strip_line_1 = kernel.addRectangle(-l1/2, -strip_line_width/2, h, strip_line_length, strip_line_width) # gap bewteen the ground plane and the bottom of the lumped port. gap = 0 # lumped port lumped_port = kernel.addRectangle(-l1/2 + gap, -strip_line_width/2, 0, h - gap, strip_line_width) kernel.rotate([(2, lumped_port)], -l1/2, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, -math.pi/2) # Airbox air_box = kernel.addBox( total_xmin, total_ymin, 0, total_xmax - total_xmin, total_ymax - total_ymin, total_zmax ) # Synchronize everything! kernel.synchronize()

In [5]:

# Define the entities which later will become the physical groups.
entities = [
    Entity("air_box", dim = 3, mesh_order = 2, tags = [air_box]),
    Entity("substrate", dim = 3, mesh_order = 1, tags = [substrate]),
    Entity("top_conductor", dim = 2, mesh_order= 1, tags = [strip_line_1]),
    Entity("ground_plane", dim = 2, mesh_order = 1, tags = [ground_plane]),
    Entity("lumped_port", dim = 2, mesh_order = 0, tags = [lumped_port])
]

# Boolean operations to guarantee a nice mesh, algo it returns the
# physical group map.
pg_map = run_meshing_pipeline(entities)

# Refine near the top conductor and locally the lumped port
refine_near_surfaces(entities[2].dimtags, 
                     wavelength, 
                     ppw_near=50, 
                     ppw_far=30, 
                     set_as_background=True,
                     local_refinements = {entities[-1].dimtags[0]: 150})
# Mesh sizes
mesh_sizes = {
    "substrate": wavelength / 12,
    "air_box": wavelength / 4,
    "lumped_port": wavelength / 150,
    "ground_plane" : wavelength / 10,
    "top_conductor": wavelength / 50
}

# Generate the 3d mesh.
generate_3d_mesh(entities, mesh_sizes, filename, optimize = True)

# Define the entities which later will become the physical groups. entities = [ Entity("air_box", dim = 3, mesh_order = 2, tags = [air_box]), Entity("substrate", dim = 3, mesh_order = 1, tags = [substrate]), Entity("top_conductor", dim = 2, mesh_order= 1, tags = [strip_line_1]), Entity("ground_plane", dim = 2, mesh_order = 1, tags = [ground_plane]), Entity("lumped_port", dim = 2, mesh_order = 0, tags = [lumped_port]) ] # Boolean operations to guarantee a nice mesh, algo it returns the # physical group map. pg_map = run_meshing_pipeline(entities) # Refine near the top conductor and locally the lumped port refine_near_surfaces(entities[2].dimtags, wavelength, ppw_near=50, ppw_far=30, set_as_background=True, local_refinements = {entities[-1].dimtags[0]: 150}) # Mesh sizes mesh_sizes = { "substrate": wavelength / 12, "air_box": wavelength / 4, "lumped_port": wavelength / 150, "ground_plane" : wavelength / 10, "top_conductor": wavelength / 50 } # Generate the 3d mesh. generate_3d_mesh(entities, mesh_sizes, filename, optimize = True)

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  Physical group 'air_box' (dim=3): pg=1, tags=[2]
  Physical group 'substrate' (dim=3): pg=2, tags=[1]
  Physical group 'top_conductor' (dim=2): pg=3, tags=[8]
  Physical group 'ground_plane' (dim=2): pg=4, tags=[7]
  Physical group 'lumped_port' (dim=2): pg=5, tags=[9]
  Physical group 'air_box__None' (dim=2): pg=6, tags=[16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21]
  Physical group 'air_box__substrate' (dim=2): pg=7, tags=[10, 11, 13, 12, 14, 15]
  ppw_near=50  ppw_far=30
  SizeMax=0.0030  transition=0.0227
  global: 4 curves, SizeMin=0.0018
  local (2, 9): 4 curves, SizeMin=0.0006
  Merged 2 fields with Min → field 5
Info    : Meshing 1D...
Info    : [  0%] Meshing curve 24 (Line)
Info    : [ 10%] Meshing curve 25 (Line)
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Info    : [ 40%] Meshing curve 34 (Line)
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Info    : [ 50%] Meshing curve 38 (Line)
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Info    : [ 60%] Meshing curve 41 (Line)
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Info    : [ 80%] Meshing curve 48 (Line)
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Info    : [ 90%] Meshing curve 51 (Line)
Info    : [ 90%] Meshing curve 52 (Line)
Info    : [ 90%] Meshing curve 53 (Line)
Info    : [100%] Meshing curve 54 (Line)
Info    : [100%] Meshing curve 55 (Line)
Info    : [100%] Meshing curve 56 (Line)
Info    : Done meshing 1D (Wall 0.0217125s, CPU 0.021615s)
Info    : Meshing 2D...
Info    : [  0%] Meshing surface 7 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 10%] Meshing surface 8 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 20%] Meshing surface 9 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 30%] Meshing surface 10 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 30%] Meshing surface 11 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 40%] Meshing surface 12 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 50%] Meshing surface 13 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 50%] Meshing surface 14 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 60%] Meshing surface 15 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 70%] Meshing surface 16 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 70%] Meshing surface 17 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 80%] Meshing surface 18 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [ 90%] Meshing surface 19 (Plane, MeshAdapt)

Info    : [ 90%] Meshing surface 20 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : [100%] Meshing surface 21 (Plane, MeshAdapt)
Info    : Done meshing 2D (Wall 0.242307s, CPU 0.2408s)
Info    : Meshing 3D...
Info    : 3D Meshing 2 volumes with 1 connected component
Info    : Tetrahedrizing 6311 nodes...
Info    : Done tetrahedrizing 6319 nodes (Wall 0.0627129s, CPU 0.058017s)
Info    : Reconstructing mesh...
Info    :  - Creating surface mesh
Info    :  - Identifying boundary edges
Info    :  - Recovering boundary

Info    : Done reconstructing mesh (Wall 0.153324s, CPU 0.140114s)
Info    : Found volume 2
Info    : Found volume 1
Info    : It. 0 - 0 nodes created - worst tet radius 12.4961 (nodes removed 0 0)

Info    : It. 500 - 500 nodes created - worst tet radius 2.25786 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 1000 - 1000 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.8495 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 1500 - 1500 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.64962 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 2000 - 2000 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.52633 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 2500 - 2500 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.42558 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 3000 - 3000 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.34507 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 3500 - 3500 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.28332 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 4000 - 4000 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.23319 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 4500 - 4500 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.18791 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 5000 - 5000 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.15195 (nodes removed 0 0)

Info    : It. 5500 - 5500 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.11998 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 6000 - 6000 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.09243 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 6500 - 6500 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.06716 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 7000 - 7000 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.04447 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 7500 - 7500 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.02221 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : It. 8000 - 8000 nodes created - worst tet radius 1.00269 (nodes removed 0 0)
Info    : 3D refinement terminated (14381 nodes total):
Info    :  - 0 Delaunay cavities modified for star shapeness
Info    :  - 0 nodes could not be inserted
Info    :  - 73870 tetrahedra created in 0.381781 sec. (193487 tets/s)
Info    : 0 node relocations
Info    : Done meshing 3D (Wall 0.755057s, CPU 0.742014s)
Info    : Optimizing mesh...
Info    : Optimizing volume 1
Info    : Optimization starts (volume = 4.68e-06) with worst = 0.043499 / average = 0.765457:
Info    : 0.00 < quality < 0.10 :        11 elements
Info    : 0.10 < quality < 0.20 :        42 elements
Info    : 0.20 < quality < 0.30 :        58 elements
Info    : 0.30 < quality < 0.40 :        76 elements
Info    : 0.40 < quality < 0.50 :       113 elements
Info    : 0.50 < quality < 0.60 :       224 elements
Info    : 0.60 < quality < 0.70 :       797 elements
Info    : 0.70 < quality < 0.80 :      1513 elements
Info    : 0.80 < quality < 0.90 :      1954 elements
Info    : 0.90 < quality < 1.00 :       686 elements
Info    : 109 edge swaps, 0 node relocations (volume = 4.68e-06): worst = 0.170489 / average = 0.777278 (Wall 0.00161485s, CPU 0.001682s)
Info    : 110 edge swaps, 0 node relocations (volume = 4.68e-06): worst = 0.170489 / average = 0.777168 (Wall 0.00195839s, CPU 0.002036s)
Info    : No ill-shaped tets in the mesh :-)
Info    : 0.00 < quality < 0.10 :         0 elements
Info    : 0.10 < quality < 0.20 :         1 elements
Info    : 0.20 < quality < 0.30 :         1 elements
Info    : 0.30 < quality < 0.40 :        76 elements
Info    : 0.40 < quality < 0.50 :       111 elements
Info    : 0.50 < quality < 0.60 :       205 elements
Info    : 0.60 < quality < 0.70 :       815 elements
Info    : 0.70 < quality < 0.80 :      1526 elements
Info    : 0.80 < quality < 0.90 :      1954 elements
Info    : 0.90 < quality < 1.00 :       684 elements
Info    : Optimizing volume 2

Info    : Optimization starts (volume = 0.00031355) with worst = 0.0041925 / average = 0.769215:
Info    : 0.00 < quality < 0.10 :       167 elements
Info    : 0.10 < quality < 0.20 :       477 elements
Info    : 0.20 < quality < 0.30 :       787 elements
Info    : 0.30 < quality < 0.40 :      1164 elements
Info    : 0.40 < quality < 0.50 :      2032 elements
Info    : 0.50 < quality < 0.60 :      3485 elements
Info    : 0.60 < quality < 0.70 :      8116 elements
Info    : 0.70 < quality < 0.80 :     16498 elements
Info    : 0.80 < quality < 0.90 :     24299 elements
Info    : 0.90 < quality < 1.00 :     11371 elements
Info    : 1410 edge swaps, 42 node relocations (volume = 0.00031355): worst = 0.177995 / average = 0.781863 (Wall 0.0338669s, CPU 0.034021s)
Info    : 1423 edge swaps, 45 node relocations (volume = 0.00031355): worst = 0.253896 / average = 0.781952 (Wall 0.0435127s, CPU 0.043687s)
Info    : No ill-shaped tets in the mesh :-)
Info    : 0.00 < quality < 0.10 :         0 elements
Info    : 0.10 < quality < 0.20 :         0 elements
Info    : 0.20 < quality < 0.30 :         5 elements
Info    : 0.30 < quality < 0.40 :      1180 elements
Info    : 0.40 < quality < 0.50 :      1940 elements
Info    : 0.50 < quality < 0.60 :      3448 elements
Info    : 0.60 < quality < 0.70 :      8071 elements
Info    : 0.70 < quality < 0.80 :     16645 elements
Info    : 0.80 < quality < 0.90 :     24530 elements
Info    : 0.90 < quality < 1.00 :     11321 elements
Info    : Done optimizing mesh (Wall 0.131304s, CPU 0.124103s)
Info    : 14381 nodes 85853 elements
Info    : Optimizing mesh (Netgen)...
Info    : Optimizing volume 1
Info    : CalcLocalH: 1847 Points 5374 Elements 3682 Surface Elements 
Info    : Remove Illegal Elements 
Info    : 398 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 79.1788 
Info    : 52 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 63 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 1 swaps performed 
Info    : 315 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 30.1979 
Info    : 60 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 33 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 9 swaps performed 
Info    : 173 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 4772.69 
Info    : 42 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 13 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 4 swaps performed 
Info    : 64 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 3143.85 
Info    : 19 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : 25 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 766.325 
Info    : 6 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 1 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : 8 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 766.325 
Info    : 2 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : 6 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 766.325 
Info    : 2 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : 0 illegal tets 
Info    : Volume Optimization 
Info    : CombineImprove 
Info    : 52 elements combined 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 9592.83 
Info    : Total badness = 9415.62 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 31.0824 
Info    : 1 splits performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 9420.95 
Info    : Total badness = 9412.86 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 257 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 8918.34 
Info    : Total badness = 8846.47 
Info    : CombineImprove 
Info    : 4 elements combined 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 8798.96 
Info    : Total badness = 8794.09 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 13.0058 

Info    : 0 splits performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 8794.09 
Info    : Total badness = 8793.93 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 32 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 8743.25 
Info    : Total badness = 8724.47 
Info    : CombineImprove 
Info    : 1 elements combined 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 8713.48 
Info    : Total badness = 8712.91 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 12.1741 
Info    : 0 splits performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 8712.91 
Info    : Total badness = 8712.86 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 11 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 8701.26 
Info    : Total badness = 8692.19 
Info    : Optimizing volume 2
Info    : CalcLocalH: 13591 Points 67140 Elements 11046 Surface Elements 

Info    : Remove Illegal Elements 
Info    : 1341 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 19.3139 
Info    : 218 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 249 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 8 swaps performed 
Info    : 800 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 57.3414 
Info    : 201 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 64 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 6 swaps performed 
Info    : 311 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 161.487 
Info    : 88 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 18 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 3 swaps performed 
Info    : 85 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 5378.01 
Info    : 31 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 2 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : 9 illegal tets 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 636.297 
Info    : 3 splits performed 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  

Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : 0 illegal tets 
Info    : Volume Optimization 
Info    : CombineImprove 
Info    : 683 elements combined 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 93518.9 

Info    : Total badness = 88889.1 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 19.5445 
Info    : 1 splits performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 88893.4 

Info    : Total badness = 88167.9 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 4080 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  

Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 81214.1 
Info    : Total badness = 79231.4 
Info    : CombineImprove 

Info    : 107 elements combined 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 78283.3 
Info    : Total badness = 78031.6 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 10.2303 
Info    : 0 splits performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 78031.6 

Info    : Total badness = 77987.1 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 611 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  

Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 77513.4 
Info    : Total badness = 77149.4 
Info    : CombineImprove 

Info    : 26 elements combined 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 76927.5 
Info    : Total badness = 76881.9 
Info    : SplitImprove 
Info    : badmax = 8.99387 
Info    : 0 splits performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 76881.9 

Info    : Total badness = 76872.4 
Info    : SwapImprove  
Info    : 224 swaps performed 
Info    : SwapImprove2  

Info    : 0 swaps performed 
Info    : ImproveMesh 
Info    : Total badness = 76796.8 
Info    : Total badness = 76657.8 
Info    : Done optimizing mesh (Wall 3.2783s, CPU 3.28037s)
Info    : Writing 'sw_antenna.msh'...

Mesh saved to sw_antenna.mshInfo    : Done writing 'sw_antenna.msh'

  Nodes: 14234
  Elements: 81567

Mesh visualization.¶

In [6]:

# Render the physical groups. The airbox is rendered transparent.
view_mesh(filename, transparent_groups= "air_box__None")

# Render the physical groups. The airbox is rendered transparent. view_mesh(filename, transparent_groups= "air_box__None")

Loading mesh file: sw_antenna.msh
Groups to render transparent: air_box__None

Mesh loaded successfully with 2 cell blocks
Found 12717 triangles total
Physical group tags in mesh: {3: 'top_conductor', 4: 'ground_plane', 5: 'lumped_port', 6: 'air_box__None', 7: 'air_box__substrate'}

Generate palace JSON config¶

In [7]:

config_filename: str = "palace.conf"
freq_min: float = 3.0
freq_max: float = 3.5
freq_step: float = 0.005
eps_r: float = 2.2
loss_tan: float = 0.0009
port_impedance: float = 50.0
solver_order: int = 2

config_filename: str = "palace.conf" freq_min: float = 3.0 freq_max: float = 3.5 freq_step: float = 0.005 eps_r: float = 2.2 loss_tan: float = 0.0009 port_impedance: float = 50.0 solver_order: int = 2

In [8]:

sim = Simulation()

def attr(name):
    return [pg_map[name]] if name in pg_map else []

sim.set_mesh_file(f"/work/{filename}")
sim.set_config_option("Problem.Output", "/work/results/open_ended_antenna/")

sim.set_config_option("Domains.Materials", [
    {
        "Attributes": attr("substrate"),
        "Permittivity": eps_r,
        "Permeability": 1.0,
        "LossTan": loss_tan
    },
    {
        "Attributes": attr("air"),
        "Permittivity": 1.0,
        "Permeability": 1.0
    }
])

sim.set_config_option("Boundaries.PEC", {
    "Attributes": attr("ground_plane") + attr("patch")
})
sim.set_config_option("Boundaries.LumpedPort", [
    {
        "Index": 1,
        "Attributes": attr("lumped_port"),
        "R": port_impedance,
        "Excitation": True,
        "Direction": "+Z"
    }
])
sim.set_config_option("Boundaries.Absorbing", {
    "Attributes": attr("farfield"),
    "Order": 1
})

sim.set_config_option("Solver.Order", solver_order)
sim.set_config_option("Solver.Driven.MinFreq", freq_min)
sim.set_config_option("Solver.Driven.MaxFreq", freq_max)
sim.set_config_option("Solver.Driven.FreqStep", freq_step)
sim.set_config_option("Solver.Driven.AdaptiveTol", 0.001)

config_path = sim.write_config(config_filename)
print(f"Wrote {config_path}")

sim = Simulation() def attr(name): return [pg_map[name]] if name in pg_map else [] sim.set_mesh_file(f"/work/{filename}") sim.set_config_option("Problem.Output", "/work/results/open_ended_antenna/") sim.set_config_option("Domains.Materials", [ { "Attributes": attr("substrate"), "Permittivity": eps_r, "Permeability": 1.0, "LossTan": loss_tan }, { "Attributes": attr("air"), "Permittivity": 1.0, "Permeability": 1.0 } ]) sim.set_config_option("Boundaries.PEC", { "Attributes": attr("ground_plane") + attr("patch") }) sim.set_config_option("Boundaries.LumpedPort", [ { "Index": 1, "Attributes": attr("lumped_port"), "R": port_impedance, "Excitation": True, "Direction": "+Z" } ]) sim.set_config_option("Boundaries.Absorbing", { "Attributes": attr("farfield"), "Order": 1 }) sim.set_config_option("Solver.Order", solver_order) sim.set_config_option("Solver.Driven.MinFreq", freq_min) sim.set_config_option("Solver.Driven.MaxFreq", freq_max) sim.set_config_option("Solver.Driven.FreqStep", freq_step) sim.set_config_option("Solver.Driven.AdaptiveTol", 0.001) config_path = sim.write_config(config_filename) print(f"Wrote {config_path}")

Palace config written to palace.conf
Wrote palace.conf